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CPP Web Preferences The following settings are web preferences of the CPP web. These preferences overwrite the site level preferences in ., and can be overwritten ...

Data Types This section presents extensions to the C language which were introduced by C (Bjarne Stroustrup). It also deals with object oriented concepts and their ...

Resources on C Publications Brokken, Frank B.; Kubat, Karel C Annotations, http://www.icce.rug.nl/docs/cpp.html ICCE, State University of Groningen, 1995. ...

To Do List Create CPP web, list on navigation table done Change link from the GNA home page to this site done Create a link from the old tutorial ...

Resources Some chosen references to both online and published material which are suggested as additional reading for the course. C C Object Oriented ...

Solutions to the Exercises This section presents example solutions to the exercises of the previous lectures. Chapter 2: Survey of Programming Techniques (1) Discussion ...

Chapter 10: Exercises (1) Similar to the definition of the postincrement operator in class template ListIterator, one could define a preincrement operator as: ...

Discussion Separation of Shape and Access Strategies The presented example focusses on an object oriented view. In real applications singly linked lists might offer ...

Example Usage The list template as introduced in previous sections can be used as follows: int main() { List int list; int ix; for (ix 0; ix 10 ...

Original Version Information The original version was written primarily by Peter Mueller. Home Page http://www.gnacademy.org/text/cc/ Table of Contents http://www ...

Abstract Classes With inheritance we are able to force a subclass to offer the same properties like their superclasses. Consequently, objects of a subclass behave ...

Iterator Implementation In a previous section we have introduced the concept of iterators to traverse through a data structure. Iterators must implement three properties ...

List Case Study: Properties of Singly Linked Lists When doing something object oriented, the first question to ask is What are the basic building blocks of the ...

List Case Study: Shape and Traversal In the following discussion we distinguish between a data structure's shape and its traversing strategies. The first is the "look ...

List Case Study: Generic Types (Templates) In C generic data types are called class templates or just templates for short (Note: C also allows the definition of ...

Table of Contents Note:We are in the process of transferring the text here from the original version. The following sections are currently available: 1 Introduction ...

Chapter 9: Exercise Polymorphism. Explain why void display(const DrawableObject obj); does not produce the desired output. Comments

How to Write a Program Until now, we have only presented parts of or very small programs which could easily be handled in one file. However, greater projects, say ...

Friends We can define functions or classes to be friends of a class to allow them direct access to its private data members. For example, in the previous section we ...

Operator Overloading If we recall the abstract data type for complex numbers, Complex, we could create a C class as follows: class Complex { double real, ...

Abstract Classes Abstract classes are defined just as ordinary classes. However, some of their methods are designated to be necessarily defined by subclasses. We just ...

Polymorphism In our pseudo language we are able to declare methods of classes to be virtual, to force their evaluation to be based on object content rather than object ...

Inheritance This section concludes our introduction to C . We introduce "real" object oriented concepts and we answer the question, how a C program is actually written ...

C Resources Programming in C: resource collection by Jutta Degener, 1995. The (not quite strictly conforming) ISO C Programming Companion Page by Brian ...

Destructors Consider a class List. Elements of the list are dynamically appended and removed. The constructor helps us in creating an initial empty list. However, ...

Constructors Constructors are methods which are used to initialize an object at its definition time. We extend our class Point such that it initializes a point to ...

Contributors The original version of the tutorial was written primarily by Peter Mueller. A number of people contributed in the development of this text in various ...

Classes and Objects In this section we show how the object oriented concepts that were introduced so far in the text are used in C . C allows the declaration and ...

Functions in C C allows function overloading as defined earlier on (Polymorphism). For example, we can define two different functions max(), one which returns the ...

Differences from original text A list to keep track of things done differently on the TWiki version from the original version: General changes Deleted broken ...

An Example of a C Program Here we introduce the first program which is so often used: a program which prints "Hello, world!" to your screen: #include stdio.h ...

Pointers and Arrays in C One of the most common problems in programming in C (and sometimes C ) is the understanding of pointers and arrays. In C (C ) both are highly ...

Functions in C As C is a procedural language it allows the definition of functions. Procedures are ``simulated'' by functions returning "no value". This value is a ...

Expressions and Operators in C In C almost everything is an expression. For example, the assignment statement " " returns the value of its righthand operand. As a ...

Statements in C C defines all usual flow control statements. Statements are terminated by a semicolon ";". We can group multiple statements into blocks by enclosing ...

Data Types in C This section is the first part of the introduction to C . Here we focus on C from which C was adopted. C extends the C programming language with ...

Introduction In this text, object orientation is introduced as a new programming concept which should help you in developing high quality software. Object orientation ...

Resources on C# "The Mono Project ( http://www.go mono.com/ ) is an open development initiative sponsored by Ximian that is working to develop an open source ...

Polymorphism Polymorphism allows an entity (for example, variable, function or object) to take a variety of representations. Therefore we have to distinguish different ...

Static And Dynamic Binding In strongly typed programming languages you typically have to declare variables prior to their use. This also implies the variable's definition ...

Generic Types We continue with our tour through the world of object oriented concepts by presenting a short introduction to static versus dynamic binding. With this ...

Chapter 5: Exercises (1) Inheritance. Consider the drawing program example again. (1.1) Define class Rectangle by inheriting from class Point. The point should indicate ...

Multiple Inheritance One important object oriented mechanism is multiple inheritance. Multiple inheritance does not mean that multiple subclasses share the same superclass ...

Inheritance With inheritance we are able to make use of the a kind of and is a relationship. As described there, classes which are a kind of another class share properties ...